Characteristics | All women | Maternal deaths | Maternal near miss | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number n = 3100 | Number (n = 130) | Number (n = 695) | ||
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
ΩClinical criteria |  |  |  |  |
 Cyanosis | 442 (14.3) | 69 (53.1) | 370 (53.2) | 0.973 |
 Breathing rate more than 40 or less than 6 per minute | 521 (16.8) | 77 (59.2) | 440 (63.3) | 0.378 |
 Oliguria poorly or unresponsive to fluids or diuretics | 450 (14.8) | 62 (47.7) | 386 (55.7) | 0.093 |
 Loss of consciousness for up to 12 h | 268 (8.7) | 51 (39.2) | 213 (30.6) | 0.050 |
 Unconscious (coma) with without recordable pulse | 164 (5.3) | 43 (33.1) | 121 (17.4) | <0.001 |
 Gasping due to low PaO2 or pulmonary edema | 140 (4.5) | 23 (17.7) | 117 (17.8) | 0.811 |
  aShock as indicated by very low blood pressure or circulatory collapse | 606 (19.6) | 72 (55.4) | 533 (76.4) | <0.001 |
  aCoagulation disorders evidenced by low platelets, elevated bleeding or clotting time, or bleeding tendency | 362 (11.7) | 50 (38.5) | 310 (44.6) | 0.195 |
 Cerebrovascular accident | 17 (0.6) | 5 (3.8) | 12 (1.7) | 0.118 |
 Paralysis | 13 (0.4) | 1 (0.8) | 12 (1.6) | 0.477 |
ΩLaboratory-based criteria |  |  |  |  |
  aBilirubin more than 100 mol/l or more than 6.0 mg/dL | 274 (8.8) | 44 (33.8) | 226 (32.7) | 0.792 |
  aThrombocytopenia (less than 100,000) | 436 (14.1) | 60 (46.2) | 373 (53.7) | 0.115 |
 Creatinine more than 300 mol/l or more than 3.5 mg/dL | 295 (9.5) | 47 (36.2) | 245 (35.3) | 0.844 |
 Elevated lactate | 272 (8.8) | 40 (30.8) | 229 (33.0) | 0.626 |
 Low pH less than 7.1 | 255 (8.3) | 31 (24.0) | 221 (31.8) | 0.071 |
ΩManagement-based criteria |  |  |  |  |
 Oxygen saturation less than 90 % for more than 60 min | 499 (16.1) | 71 (54.6) | 426 (61.3) | 0.153 |
 Use of vasoactive drug such as ephedrine | 204 (6.6) | 36 (27.7) | 168 (24.2) | 0.393 |
 Dialysis for acute kidney failure | 62 (2.0) | 13 (10.0) | 49 (7.2) | 0.242 |
 Peripartum hysterectomy cardiopulmonary | 169 (5.5) | 12 (9.2) | 81 (11.7) | 0.423 |
 resuscitation | 110 (3.6) | 96 (73.8) | 619 (88.9) | <0.001 |
  aTransfusion more than 4 units of red blood cell concentrate | 270 (8.7) | 40 (30.8) | 225 (32.4) | 0.719 |
  aIntubation unrelated to anesthesia | 124 (4.1) | 32 (24.6) | 79 (11.4) | <0.001 |
 Admission to the HDU or ICU | 541 (17.5) | 71 (54.6) | 464 (66.8) | 0.008 |
  aHospitalization longer than 7 days | 537 (17.5) | 34 (26.1) | 496 (71.4) | <0.001 |
  aReturn to operation theatre | 67 (2.2) | 14 (10.8) | 52 (7.4) | 0.205 |
 Referral to a more specialized unit | 5 (1.5) | 16 (14.0) | 27 (3.9) | <0.001 |
 Major operative non-obstetric surgery | 9 (0.3) | 2 (1.5) | 7 (1.0) | 0.592 |