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Table 2 Distribution of labor and delivery observations by facility, provider, and client characteristics

From: Direct observation of respectful maternity care in five countries: a cross-sectional study of health facilities in East and Southern Africa

Observation characteristics

Ethiopia (N = 192)

Kenya (N = 626)

Zanzibar (N = 217)

Rwanda (N = 293)

Madagascar (N = 347)

Tanzania (N = 489)

Total (N = 2164)

Health facility type

 Hospital

100.0 %

85.8 %

85.3 %

82.3 %

81.0 %

39.9 %

75.4 %

 Health center/ dispensary

0.0 %

14.2 %

14.7 %

17.7 %

19.0 %

60.1 %

24.6 %

Provider cadre1

 Doctor

20.3 %

1.1 %

0.5 %

2.0 %

18.7 %

2.5 %

6.0 %

 Nurse/ midwife

71.4 %

97.3 %

94.0 %

88.7 %

74.4 %

86.5 %

87.4 %

 Student

4.7 %

0.0 %

0.5 %

4.4 %

6.1 %

2.0 %

2.5 %

 Unskilled

0.0 %

1.6 %

1.8 %

0.7 %

0.3 %

8.4 %

2.7 %

 Other/ missing

3.6 %

0.0 %

3.2 %

4.1 %

0.6 %

0.6 %

1.4 %

Provider gender2

 Male

44.3 %

16.7 %

0.5 %

10.9 %

12.1 %

5.0 %

13.5 %

 Female

55.7 %

83.3 %

99.5 %

89.1 %

87.9 %

95.0 %

86.5 %

Client gravidity3

 Primigravida

  

23.0 %

37.5 %

31.1 %

22.3 %

28.0 %

 Multigravida

  

77.0 %

62.5 %

68.9 %

77.7 %

72.0 %

  1. 1 Physician/resident includes: general practitioners, obstetricians, gynecologists, other specialists, residents; assistant medical officers in Tanzania and Zanzibar. Nurse/midwife includes: bachelor of science and diploma nurses, registered and enrolled nurses, bachelor of science and diploma midwives, registered and enrolled midwives, nurse/midwives; nursing officers and MCHA in Tanzania and Zanzibar; paramedics in Madagascar; health officers in Ethiopia. Student includes: medical and nursing students. Non-qualified staff includes: medical attendants, health assistants, and traditional birth attendants. Other/missing category in Kenya includes students
  2. 2 Gender missing for 43 observations.
  3. 3 Gravidity not collected in Ethiopia and Kenya, missing for 4 observations