Table 2 Determinants of use of postnatal care in rural Tanzania; results for multilevel logistic models

Age (in years)

15–19

20–34

1.13

0.80, 1.60

0.47

1.04

0.67, 1.62

0.86

1.14

0.64, 1.57

0.99

35–49

1.31

0.85, 2.01

0.20

1.18

0.68, 2.03

0.56

1.16

0.66, 1.96

0.64

Birth order

First pregnancy

Second or higher

1.17

0.87, 1.59

0.30

1.13

0.76, 1.68

0.54

1.13

0.76, 1.68

0.54

Education

Less than primary

Primary or higher

1.28

0.99, 1.65

0.06

1.38*

1.05, 1.82

0.03

1.37*

1.04, 1.81

0.03

Wealth quintile

Lowest

Lower

0.86

0.58, 1.26

0.43

0.89

0.59, 1.33

0.55

0.86

0.57, 1.29

0.46

Middle

0.91

0.62, 1.32

0.61

0.89

0.60, 1.32

0.54

0.86

0.58, 1.28

0.45

Higher

0.96

0.65, 1.4

0.84

1.02

0.68, 1.53

0.93

0.96

0.64, 1.45

0.85

Highest

0.92

0.61, 1.37

0.67

0.86

0.56, 1.33

0.48

0.79

0.51, 1.23

0.28

Place of Delivery

Home

Hospital

0.7

0.51, 1.06

0.10

0.52^

0.35, 0.79

0.002

0.50^

0.33, 0.76

0.001

Health Center

0.75

0.52, 1.09

0.13

0.64*

0.43, 0.95

0.03

0.57^

0.38, 0.85

0.01

Dispensary

0.54^

0.38, 0.77

0.01

0.49#

0.34, 0.72

<0.001

0.48#

0.33, 0.69

<0.001

Antenatal Care utilization

No ANC visits

1–3 visits

2.15

0.73, 6.32

0.16

2.15

0.72, 6.45

0.17

2.37

0.79, 7.08

0.12

4+ visits

2.27

0.78, 6.61

0.13

2.50

0.84, 7.43

0.10

2.71

0.91, 8.06

0.07

Mode of delivery

Normal delivery

Cesarean/forceps

2.6*

1.65, 4.07

<0.001

2.89#

1.76, 4.73

<0.001

2.95#

1.80, 4.81

<0.001

Seizures/unconscious antenatally

No

Yes

2.18

0.93, 5.1

0.72

2.29

0.94, 5.57

0.07

2.33

0.95, 5.66

0.06

Severe antenatal swelling of face/legs

No

Yes

0.71

0.49, 1.05

0.08

0.66*

0.44, 0.99

0.05

0.65*

0.43, 0.97

0.04

Complications during delivery

No

Yes

1.51*

1.09, 2.09

0.01

1.31

0.89, 1.94

0.17

1.29

0.87, 1.91

0.2

Complications during Postnatal Period

No

Yes

1.56*

1.09, 2.22

0.01

1.39

0.91, 2.11

0.13

1.33

0.88, 2.02

0.19

Report spending money on delivery care

No

Yes

0.82

0.64, 1.05

0.12

0.77*

0.59, 1.00

0.05

0.78

0.60, 1.01

0.06

Counseled for PNC by CHW

No

Yes

2.58^

1.55, 4.29

<0.001

2.32^

1.37, 3.93

0.002

2.3^

1.36, 3.89

0.002

Received HIV testing for infant

No

Yes

1.9^

1.2, 3.02

0.01

1.93^

1.19, 3.15

0.01

1.94^

1.19, 3.15

0.01

Partner tested for HIV

No

Yes

1.35*

1.05, 1.74

0.02

1.42*

1.08, 1.87

0.01

1.41^

1.07, 1.86

0.01

Community usage of family planning

Low

Middle

1.54

0.8, 2.96

0.19

1.53

0.82, 2.86

0.18

1.57

0.83, 2.98

0.16

High

1.82

0.95, 3.5

0.07

2.21*

1.04, 4.69

0,04

2.48*

1.15, 5.37

0.02

Community coverage of 4 ANC visits

Low

Middle

0.77

0.4, 1.46

0.42

0.73

0.41, 1.31

0.30

0.70

0.38, 1.27

0.5

High

1.6

0.85, 3.02

0.15

1.22

0.66, 2.24

0.52

1.14

0.61, 2.14

0.68

Community level of poverty

Low

Middle

0.81

0.42, 1.55

0.52

0.89

0.51, 1.56

0.67

1.05

0.59, 1.88

0.89

High

1.39

0.72, 2.69

0.33

1.16

0.57, 2.38

0.70

1.45

0.68, 3.09

0.34

Community trust

Low

High

1.44

0.83, 2.48

0.19

1.76*

1.12, 2.75

0.01

1.77*

1.12, 2.79

0.01

Community level of education

Low

Middle

1.0

0.52, 1.93

0.99

0.72

0.39, 1.33

0.29

0.68

0.36, 1.26

0.22

High

1.49

0.77, 2.89

0.23

1.27

0.66, 2.46

0.47

1.20

0.61, 2.36

0.60

Distance to nearest health facility

Facility in village

0–5 KM

1.77

0.87, 3.59

0.11

1.08

0.59, 1.99

0.82

1.07

0.57, 1.99

0.86

5 or more KM

1.09

0.55, 2.15

0.81

1.39

0.76, 2.55

0.30

1.38

0.74, 2.57

0.32

Districts

Morogoro DC

Mvomero

0.50

0.22, 1.16

0.11

0.41*

0.20, 0.85

0.02

0.37*

0.17, 0.79

0.01

Kilosa

0.33^

0.15, 0.71

0.01

0.31^

0.15, 0.61

<0.001

0.27#

0.13, 0.56

<0.001

Ulanga

0.3^

0.12, 0.72

0.01

0.16#

0.06, 0.39

<0.001

0.15#

0.06, 0.38

<0.001

Variance

0.48

0.96

0.47

SE (variance)

0.1

0.12

0.1