Variable | ANC (N = 388) | Delivery (N = 203) | PNC (N = 230) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean | p-value | N | Mean | p-value | N | Mean | p-value | |
Age | Â | Â | 0.128 | Â | Â | 0.609 | Â | Â | 0.970 |
<20 | 91 | 8.84 | Â | 41 | 8.95 | Â | 47 | 8.97 | Â |
20-29 | 205 | 9.07 | Â | 118 | 9.02 | Â | 132 | 8.94 | Â |
≥30 | 92 | 9.14 |  | 44 | 9.17 |  | 51 | 8.91 |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | 0.951 | Â | Â | 0.425 | Â | Â | 0.906 |
Unmarried | 9 | 9.01 | Â | 14 | 9.26 | Â | 13 | 8.98 | Â |
Married | 379 | 9.03 | Â | 189 | 9.03 | Â | 217 | 8.94 | Â |
Religion | Â | Â | 0.918 | Â | Â | 0.615 | Â | Â | 0.499 |
Non-Christian | 55 | 9.05 | Â | 25 | 8.94 | Â | 48 | 9.04 | Â |
Christian | 333 | 9.03 | Â | 178 | 9.06 | Â | 182 | 8.91 | Â |
Literacy | Â | Â | 0.002 | Â | Â | 0.249 | Â | Â | 0.391 |
Illiterate | 131 | 8.80 | Â | 69 | 8.92 | Â | 89 | 8.85 | Â |
Literate | 257 | 9.15 | Â | 134 | 9.10 | Â | 141 | 8.99 | Â |
Wealth | Â | Â | 0.118 | Â | Â | 0.379 | Â | Â | 0.662 |
1 (poorest) | 98 | 8.91 | Â | 51 | 8.93 | Â | 58 | 8.77 | Â |
2 | 97 | 8.99 | Â | 54 | 9.17 | Â | 57 | 8.99 | Â |
3 | 96 | 9.26 | Â | 48 | 9.17 | Â | 58 | 8.95 | Â |
4 (wealthiest) | 97 | 8.98 | Â | 50 | 8.89 | Â | 57 | 9.04 | Â |
Parity | Â | Â | 0.471 | Â | Â | 0.967 | Â | Â | 0.879 |
1 | 121 | 8.97 | Â | 66 | 9.07 | Â | 76 | 8.97 | Â |
2 to 3 | 135 | 9.00 | Â | 74 | 9.02 | Â | 86 | 8.96 | Â |
>3 | 132 | 9.13 | Â | 63 | 9.04 | Â | 68 | 8.88 | Â |
Number of children | Â | Â | 0.228 | Â | Â | 0.859 | Â | Â | 0.526 |
No child | 137 | 8.91 | Â | NA | NA | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1-3 children | 189 | 9.09 | Â | 149 | 9.03 | Â | 178 | 8.97 | Â |
>3 children | 62 | 9.14 | Â | 54 | 9.06 | Â | 52 | 8.84 | Â |
Miscarriage | Â | Â | 0.229 | Â | Â | 0.460 | Â | Â | 0.378 |
No miscarriage | 333 | 9.06 | Â | 180 | 9.02 | Â | 198 | 8.97 | Â |
Had miscarriage | 55 | 8.87 | Â | 23 | 9.20 | Â | 32 | 8.76 | Â |
Still birth | Â | Â | 0.560 | Â | Â | 0.368 | Â | Â | 0.857 |
No stillbirth | 371 | 9.04 | Â | 197 | 9.05 | Â | 221 | 8.94 | Â |
Had stillbirth | 17 | 8.88 | Â | 6 | 8.66 | Â | 9 | 8.87 | Â |
Premature birth | Â | Â | 0.947 | Â | Â | 0.920 | Â | Â | 0.164 |
No premature birth | 365 | 9.03 | Â | 191 | 9.04 | Â | 215 | 8.91 | Â |
Had premature birth | 23 | 9.05 | Â | 12 | 9.07 | Â | 15 | 9.36 | Â |
Number of current ANC visit | Â | Â | 0.048 | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | NA |
First visit | 181 | 9.15 | Â | NA | NA | Â | NA | NA | Â |
>1 visit | 207 | 8.93 | Â | NA | NA | Â | NA | NA | Â |
Method of delivery | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | 0.046 | Â | Â | NA |
Vaginal | NA | NA | Â | 190 | 9.07 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
C-section | NA | NA | Â | 7 | 8.06 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
Vacuum/forceps | NA | NA | Â | 4 | 9.10 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
Number of ANC visits, delivery | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | 0.084 | Â | Â | NA |
0-3 ANC visits | NA | NA | Â | 122 | 9.14 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
>3 ANC visits | NA | NA | Â | 80 | 8.88 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
Length of stay before delivery | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | 0.149 | Â | Â | NA |
0-2 days | NA | NA | Â | 170 | 9.07 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
≥2 days | NA | NA |  | 33 | 9.03 |  | NA | NA |  |
Length of stay after delivery | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | 0.290 | Â | Â | NA |
0-1 day | NA | NA | Â | 120 | 8.99 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
≥2 days | NA | NA |  | 83 | 9.29 |  | NA | NA |  |
Mode of transportation | Â | Â | 0.043 | Â | Â | 0.798 | Â | Â | 0.177 |
Walking | 232 | 8.94 | Â | 66 | 8.98 | Â | 154 | 9.01 | Â |
Motorized | 156 | 9.17 | Â | 137 | 9.14 | Â | 76 | 8.78 | Â |
Wait time | Â | Â | 0.613 | Â | Â | 0.143 | Â | Â | 0.902 |
≤1 hour | 298 | 9.05 |  | 181 | 9.08 |  | 179 | 8.93 |  |
>1Â hour | 90 | 8.98 | Â | 22 | 8.73 | Â | 51 | 8.96 | Â |
Self introduction by provider | Â | Â | 0.003 | Â | Â | 0.176 | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Not done | 231 | 8.90 | Â | 142 | 8.98 | Â | 129 | 8.70 | Â |
Done | 157 | 9.23 | Â | 61 | 9.20 | Â | 101 | 9.24 | Â |
Explanation of exam procedures (ANC, n = 380; Delivery, n = 121; PNC, n = 168) |  |  | 0.003 |  |  | 0.991 |  |  | 0.029 |
Not explained | 95 | 8.74 | Â | 13 | 9.09 | Â | 55 | 8.55 | Â |
Explained | 285 | 9.13 | Â | 108 | 9.08 | Â | 113 | 9.01 | Â |
Explanation of medicine purpose & how to take (ANC, n = 366; Delivery, n = 167; PNC, n = 108) |  |  | 0.009 |  |  | 0.273 |  |  | 0.014 |
Not explained | 63 | 8.71 | Â | 61 | 8.89 | Â | 22 | 8.23 | Â |
Explained | 303 | 9.12 | Â | 106 | 9.06 | Â | 86 | 9.05 | Â |
Explanation of blood specimen purpose (ANC, n = 267; Delivery, n = 85; PNC, n = 53) |  |  | 0.012 |  |  | 0.098 |  |  | 0.001 |
Not explained | 20 | 8.35 | Â | 23 | 8.59 | Â | 6 | 7.47 | Â |
Explained | 247 | 9.04 | Â | 62 | 9.10 | Â | 47 | 8.60 | Â |
Consent seeking (ANC, n = 384; Delivery, n = 201; PNC, n = 183) |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 0.153 |  |  | 0.051 |
Not Sought | 104 | 8.72 | Â | 82 | 8.90 | Â | 63 | 8.66 | Â |
Sought | 280 | 9.15 | Â | 119 | 9.12 | Â | 120 | 9.03 | Â |
Encouragement to ask questions | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | 0.018 | Â | Â | 0.096 |
Not encouraged | 143 | 8.76 | Â | 123 | 8.90 | Â | 107 | 8.80 | Â |
Encouraged | 245 | 9.19 | Â | 80 | 9.26 | Â | 123 | 9.06 | Â |
Encouragement to have a guardian | Â | Â | 0.596 | Â | Â | 0.007 | Â | Â | 0.096 |
Not encouraged | . | 9.00 | Â | 101 | 8.84 | Â | 130 | 8.82 | Â |
Encouraged | 208 | 9.06 | Â | 102 | 9.24 | Â | 100 | 9.09 | Â |
Confidentiality | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | 0.016 | Â | Â | 0.105 |
Not Kept | 24 | 8.33 | Â | 17 | 8.45 | Â | 30 | 9.27 | Â |
Kept | 364 | 9.08 | Â | 186 | 9.10 | Â | 200 | 8.89 | Â |
Bp measurement ANC & PNC | Â | Â | 0.027 | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | 0.982 |
Not taken | 147 | 8.88 | Â | NA | NA | Â | 133 | 8.94 | Â |
Taken | 241 | 9.13 | Â | NA | NA | Â | 97 | 8.94 | Â |
Bp measurement before delivery | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | 0.927 | Â | Â | NA |
Not taken | NA | . | Â | 76 | 9.05 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
Taken | NA | NA | Â | 127 | 9.04 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
Bp measurement after delivery | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | 0.156 | Â | Â | NA |
Not taken | NA | NA | Â | 113 | 9.13 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
Taken | NA | NA | Â | 87 | 8.92 | Â | NA | NA | Â |
Baby Weight taken | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | NA | Â | Â | 0.248 |
Not taken | NA | NA | Â | NA | NA | Â | 52 | 9.11 | Â |
Taken | NA | NA | Â | NA | NA | Â | 178 | 8.89 | Â |