Table 2 Obstetric factors by mode of delivery

Antenatal care

   One or more visits

3006 (65.1)

1910 (73.9)

745 (46.9)

351 (79.6)

   None

1609 (34.9)

674 (26.1)

845 (53.1)

90 (20.4)

Herbal drug in pregnancy

   None

3732 (80.9)

2020 (78.2)

1329 (83.6)

383 (86.8)

   Yes

883 (19.1)

564 (21.8)

261 (16.4)

58 (13.2)

Hypertensive conditions

   No

4317 (93.5)

2499 (96.7)

1415 (89.0)

403 (91.4)

   Yes

298 (6.5)

85 (3.3)

175 (11.0)

38 (8.6)

Ante-partum haemorrhage

   No

4566 (98.9)

2582 (99.9)

1546 (97.2)

438 (99.3)

   Yes

49 (1.1)

2 (0.1)

44 (2.8)

3 (0.7)

Cephalopelvic disproportion

   No

4433 (96.1)

2580 (99.8)

1443 (90.8)

410 (93.0)

   Yes

182 (3.9)

4 (0.2)

147 (9.2)

31 (7.0)

Premature rupture of membranes

   No

4565 (98.9)

2568 (99.4)

1561 (98.2)

436 (98.9)

   Yes

50 (1.1)

16 (0.6)

29 (1.8)

5 (1.1)

Prolonged/obstructed labour

   No

4190 (90.8)

2565 (99.3)

1205 (75.8)

420 (95.2)

   Yes

425 (9.2)

19 (0.7)

385 (24.2)

21* (4.8)

Malpresentation

   No

4338 (94.0)

2521 (97.6)

1425 (89.6)

392 (89.9)

   Yes

277 (6.0)

63 (2.4)

165 (10.4)

49 (11.1)

Previous caesarean section

   No

4152 (90.0)

2569 (99.4)

1325 (83.3)

258 (58.5)

   Yes

463 (10.0)

15 (0.6)

265 (16.7)

183 (41.5)

Maternal HIV

   No

4350 (94.3)

2441 (94.5)

1507 (94.8)

402 (91.2)

   Yes

265 (5.7)

143 (5.5)

83 (5.2)

39 (8.8)

Multiple gestations

   No

4314 (93.5)

2454 (95.0)

1458 (91.7)

402 (91.2)

   Yes

301 (6.5)

130 (5.0)

132 (8.3)

39 (8.8)

Fetal distress

   No

4485 (97.2)

2581 (99.9)

1465 (92.1)

439 (99.5)

   Yes

130 (2.8)

3 (0.1)

125 (7.9)

2 (0.5)