Table 2 Clinical outcomes among women with borderline GDM compared with women with a normal OGCT

Maternal adverse outcome

18 (12.9)

129 (8.1)

1.59 [1.00, 2.52]

0.05

1.47 [0.92, 2.34]

0.11

Pregnancy induced hypertension

25 (17.9)

189 (11.8)

1.51 [1.03, 2.20]

0.03

1.31 [0.90, 1.90]

0.16

Pre-eclampsia

9 (6.4)

86 (5.4)

1.19 [0.61, 2.32]

0.60

1.08 [0.56. 2.10]

0.82

Antenatal hospitalisation

29 (20.7)

287 (18.0)

1.15 [0.82, 1.62]

0.42

1.17 [0.83, 1.65]

0.36

PPROM

6 (4.3)

41 (2.6)

1.67 [0.72, 3.86]

0.23

1.54 [0.66, 3.57]

0.32

Induction of labour

49 (35.0)

498 (31.2)

1.12 [0.88, 1.42]

0.34

1.06 [0.84. 1.34]

0.62

Vaginal birth

94 (67.1)

1184 (74.2)

0.90 [0.80, 1.02]

0.10

0.96 [0.86, 1.08]

0.48

   Normal vaginal birth

70 (50.0)

865 (54.2)

0.92 [0.78, 1.10]

0.36

1.00 [0.85. 1.17]

1.00

   Instrumental vaginal birth

24 (17.1)

319 (20.0)

0.86 [0.59, 1.25]

0.42

0.87 [0.60, 1.27]

0.48

Caesarean section

46 (32.9)

412 (25.8)

1.27 [0.99, 1.64]

0.06

1.13 [0.89. 1.43]

0.33

   Elective

10 (7.1)

101 (6.3)

1.13 [0.60, 2.11]

0.70

1.01 [0.54, 1.88]

0.98

   Emergency

36 (25.7)

311 (19.5)

1.32 [0.98, 1.78]

0.07

1.17 [0.87, 1.56]

0.30

Caesarean section for fetal distress

24 (17.1)

168 (10.5)

1.63 [1.10, 2.41]

0.01

1.43 [0.97, 2.11]

0.07

Major postpartum haemorrhage

4 (2.9)

42 (2.6)

1.09 [0.40, 2.98]

0.87

0.96 [0.35, 2.66]

0.94

Postpartum pyrexia

3 (2.1)

13 (0.8)

2.63 [0.76, 9.12]

0.13

2.33 [0.66, 8.17]

0.19

Maternal length of stay ^a (days)

3.5 ± 2.0

3.1 ± 1.7

0.4 [0.1, 0.7]

0.01

0.3 [-0.0. 0.6]

0.06