Table 2 Risk factors for any urinary incontinence three months postpartum
Risk factors | N | Risk (%) | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adj. OR* | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||||
≤25 | 141 | 26 | 1.00 | - | ||
26–29 | 338 | 29 | 1.16 | 0.75,1.81 | ||
30–34 | 356 | 32 | 1.29 | 0.83, 2.00 | ||
≥35 | 114 | 41 | 1.97 | 1.16,3.35 | ||
Age (continuous) | 1.04 | 1.01,1.07 | 1.02 | 0.99,1.06 | ||
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | ||||||
<20.0 | 216 | 25 | 1.00 | - | ||
20.0–23.9 | 442 | 30 | 1.31 | 0.90,1.89 | ||
≥24.0 | 291 | 37 | 1.74 | 1.18,2.58 | ||
BMI (continuous) | 1.05 | 1.02,1.09 | 1.07 | 1.03,1.11 | ||
Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | ||||||
≤11.0 | 268 | 31 | 1.00 | - | ||
11.1–14.0 | 272 | 30 | 0.93 | 0.64,1.34 | ||
14.1–17.0 | 194 | 35 | 1.18 | 0.80,1.75 | ||
>17.0 | 215 | 29 | 0.89 | 0.60,1.31 | ||
Baby's weight (g) | ||||||
<4000 | 837 | 31 | 1.00 | - | ||
≥4000 | 112 | 30 | 0.96 | 0.73,1.48 | ||
Previous vaginal birth | ||||||
0 | 572 | 28 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
≥1 | 377 | 36 | 1.50 | 1.13,1.98 | 1.30 | 0.85,1.98 |
Group of randomization | ||||||
Controls | 478 | 33 | 1.00 | |||
Massage | 470 | 29 | 0.85 | 0.65,1.12 | ||
Urinary incontinence Before delivery | ||||||
None | 319 | 17 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Onset before Index pregnancy | 211 | 56 | 6.24 | 4.20,9.27 | 6.44 | 4.15,9.98 |
Onset during Index pregnancy | 412 | 29 | 1.98 | 1.39,2.83 | 1.93 | 1.32,2.83 |
Type of delivery | ||||||
Spontaneous | 682 | 33 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Vacuum | 79 | 35 | 1.11 | 0.68,1.80 | 1.27 | 0.74,2.19 |
Forceps | 74 | 37 | 1.16 | 0.70,1.91 | 1.73 | 0.96,3.13 |
Caesarean‡‡ | 114 | 12 | 0.28 | 0.16,0.51 | 0.27 | 0.14,0.50 |
Epidural anesthesia‡ | ||||||
No | 294 | 35 | 1.00 | - | ||
Yes | 541 | 33 | 0.93 | 0.69,1.26 | ||
Duration of second Stage (hrs)‡ | ||||||
<0.5 | 317 | 39 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
0.5–0.9 | 175 | 31 | 0.71 | 0.48,1.06 | 0.85 | 0.54,1.33 |
1.0–1.4 | 127 | 31 | 0.71 | 0.46,1.10 | 0.78 | 0.46,1.35 |
≥1.5 | 216 | 31 | 0.71 | 0.49,1.0 | 0.68 | 0.52,1.42 |
Episiotomy‡ | ||||||
No | 612 | 35 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Yes | 223 | 29 | 0.75 | 0.54,1.05 | 0.68 | 0.47,1.01 |