Table 3 Association between immersion in water and secondary outcomes by planned place of birth
Events | Births | Weighted1 | Unadjusted1 | Adjusted1,2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | n | % | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | |
Transfer for failure to progress in 1st stage of labour | ||||||||
Home | ||||||||
No immersion | 236 | 1997 | 11.0 | (9.4–12.9) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 224 | 2004 | 10.9 | (9.6–12.5) | 0.99 | (0.81–1.22) | 0.94 | (0.77–1.16) |
FMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 212 | 2203 | 8.8 | (7.1–10.8) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 216 | 2603 | 7.5 | (6.2–9.0) | 0.85 | (0.67–1.06) | 0.80 | (0.63–1.02) |
AMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 410 | 4756 | 8.5 | (6.7-10.6) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 250 | 2900 | 8.4 | (7.0–10.1) | 0.99 | (0.77–1-27) | 0.98 | (0.78–1.23) |
Transfer for ‘potentially urgent reasons’ | ||||||||
Home | ||||||||
No immersion | 191 | 1997 | 9.5 | (7.9–11.2) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 210 | 2004 | 10.4 | (9.1–11.9) | 1.10 | (0.89–1.36) | 1.06 | (0.86–1.30) |
FMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 274 | 2203 | 11.7 | (9.9–13.8) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 228 | 2603 | 7.8 | (6.3–9.6) | 0.67 | (0.53–0.84) | 0.61 | (0.48–0.77) |
AMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 587 | 4756 | 12.0 | (10.4–13.7) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 338 | 2900 | 11.5 | (9.6–13.8) | 0.97 | (0.79–1.19) | 0.91 | (0.75–1.09) |
Transfer for epidural or other pain relief | ||||||||
Home | ||||||||
No immersion | 86 | 1997 | 4.3 | (3.4–5.6) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 87 | 2004 | 4.1 | (3.2–5.2) | 0.94 | (0.69–1.28) | 0.88 | (0.63–1.22) |
FMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 73 | 2203 | 3.0 | (2.0–4.6) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 64 | 2603 | 2.1 | (1.5–2.9) | 0.68 | (0.46–1.01) | 0.63 | (0.42–0.94) |
AMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 297 | 4756 | 6.8 | (5.6–8.2) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 127 | 2900 | 5.0 | (4.0–6.3) | 0.73 | (0.59–0.92) | 0.64 | (0.51–0.78) |
Augmentation with oxytocin | ||||||||
Home | ||||||||
No immersion | 321 | 1991 | 15.1 | (12.9–17.5) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 329 | 2002 | 16.0 | (14.4–17.8) | 1.07 | (0.88–1.29) | 1.00 | (0.82–1.22) |
FMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 371 | 2204 | 15.2 | (12.5–18.5) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 315 | 2602 | 10.8 | (9.3–12.5) | 0.71 | (0.58–0.87) | 0.64 | (0.52–0.79) |
AMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 871 | 4791 | 17.7 | (15.7–19.8) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 453 | 2913 | 15.9 | (13.5–18.6) | 0.90 | (0.75–1.08) | 0.84 | (0.71–0.99) |
Epidural or spinal analgesia | ||||||||
Home | ||||||||
No immersion | 418 | 1993 | 20.5 | (18.0–23.3) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 440 | 2003 | 21.5 | (19.3–23.8) | 1.05 | (0.90–1.22) | 0.97 | (0.83–1.14) |
FMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 467 | 2208 | 20.0 | (17.0–23.4) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 439 | 2607 | 15.9 | (13.6–18.5) | 0.80 | (0.65–0.97) | 0.72 | (0.58–0.89) |
AMU | ||||||||
No immersion | 1149 | 4793 | 24.1 | (21.6–26.8) | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Immersion | 632 | 2915 | 22.7 | (19.5–26.3) | 0.94 | (0.81–1.10) | 0.87 | (0.75–1.00) |