Variables | Less than four antenatal visits | Lack of skilled attendant at birth | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted* OR 95% CI | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | ||||||||
1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | 1988 | 1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | |
Residence | |||||||||
Urban | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Rural | 3.5 (2.7-4.5) | 2.3 (1.7-3.1) | 2.4 (1.7-3.2) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) | 4.4 (3.4-5.8) | 8.3 (6.4-10.6) | 4.3 (3.3-5.6) | 3.0 (2.4-3.9) | 2.4 (1.9-3.2) |
Highest educational level | |||||||||
No education | 10.4 (4.7-23.2) | 10.7 (4.4-25.7) | 4.4 (2.0-9.4) | 2.2 (1.2-4.4) | 5.1 (2.9-9.0) | 6.7 (3.6-12.2) | 6.7 (3.7-11.8) | 6.3 (3.4-11.4) | 3.8 (2.3-6.4) |
Basic education | 4.4 (2.0-9.7) | 5.5 (2.3-13.0) | 2.6 (1.2-5.5) | 1.5 (0.8-2.9) | 2.2 (1.3-3.8) | 2.2 (1.3-4.0) | 2.6 (1.5-4.6) | 3.2 (1.8-5.8) | 1.9 (1.1-3.1) |
Secondary + | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Income level | No data | No data | |||||||
Low income | 1.5 (1.2-1.9) | 2.3 (1.6-3.2) | 3.5 (2.3-5.3) | 1.7 (1.3-2.3) | 1.6 (1.2-2.0) | 4.3 (3.3-5.7) | 4.5 (3.3-5.9) | ||
Average income | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 2.3 (1.7-3.2) | 2.8 (1.9-4.2) | 1.3 (0.9-1.7) | 1.1 (0.9-1.5) | 2.7 (2.1-3.6) | 2.1 (1.6-2.9) | ||
High income | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
Parity | |||||||||
Nulliparous | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Para 1-3 | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) | 1.3 (1.0-1.8) | 1.8 (1.3-2.6) | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) | 1.8 (1.3-2.5) | 1.9 (1.3-2.6) | 1.8 (1.3-2.4) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) |
Para 4+ | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 2.0 (1.3-3.1) | 2.3 (1.6-3.4) | 3.5 (2.2-5.7) | 1.6 (1.0-2.7) | 2.0 (1.3-3.1) | 3.5 (2.3-5.5) | 2.6 (1.8-3.8) | 2.2 (1.4-3.3) |