Table 2 Factors associated with institutional delivery at 64 CUs in Kisumu West, Siaya, Ugenya and Gem districts, Nyanza Province, Kenya
Variables | Bivariable analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
Age group (years) | ||||
< 20 | Ref. | |||
20 – 24 | *0.628 | 0.430-0.917 | ||
25 – 29 | 0.740 | 0.502-1.091 | ||
30 – 34 | 0.735 | 0.486-1.111 | ||
≥ 35 | **0.564 | 0.380-0.837 | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single/Divorced/Widowed | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Married | 0.908 | 0.695-1.187 | 1.219 | 0.892-1.665 |
Education level | ||||
No education/dropped out from primary | Ref | Ref. | ||
Primary level | ***1.886 | 1.522-2.338 | ***1.628 | 1.287-2.058 |
Secondary level or higher | ***3.427 | 2.567-4.540 | ***2.354 | 1.710-3.241 |
Occupation | ||||
Subsistence farmer | Ref. | |||
Domestic worker/student | 1.019 | 0.746-1.394 | ||
Other skilled employee | 1.232 | 0.995-1.525 | ||
Literacy in English | ||||
Illiterate | Ref. | |||
Literate | ***1.984 | 1.573-2.502 | ||
Maternal health knowledge | ||||
Low | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Middle | 1.271 | 0.956-1.691 | 1.130 | 0.829-1.540 |
High | ***1.955 | 1.458-2.622 | **1.539 | 1.113-2.129 |
ANC visits | ||||
Less than 4 times | Ref. | Ref. | ||
4 times or more | ***1.848 | 1.523-2.243 | ***1.660 | 1.343-2.052 |
Birth interval | ||||
Short birth interval (<24 months) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Medium birth interval(24–47 months) | 1.234 | 0.687-2.218 | 1.475 | 0.784-2.776 |
Long birth interval (>48 months) | 1.288 | 0.778-2.131 | 1.646 | 0.953-2.844 |
First birth | **2.426 | 1.434-4.104 | ***2.862 | 1.588-5.158 |
Household wealth index | ||||
Poorest | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Poor | *1.505 | 1.143-1.981 | *1.420 | 1.063-1.897 |
Middle | ***2.164 | 1.608-2.911 | ***2.097 | 1.529-2.876 |
Rich | ***2.392 | 1.629-3.512 | **1.948 | 1.286-2.950 |
Richest | ***3.391 | 2.382-4.825 | ***2.290 | 1.555-3.370 |
Media and communication equipment | ||||
Possession of one item or none | Ref. | |||
2 items | ***1.494 | 1.207-1.849 | ||
All items | ***2.741 | 1.974-3.807 | ||
Number of household members | ||||
5 or more | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Less than 5 | ***1.534 | 1.245-1.890 | **1.527 | 1.190-1.959 |
Number of children under five | ||||
2 or more | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Less than 2 | ***1.482 | 1.210-1.815 | 1.137 | 0.887-1.457 |
Household sanitation practice | ||||
No sanitation facilities | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Possession of at least one | **1.879 | 1.191-2.964 | 1.602 | 0.984-2.606 |
Possession of two | ***3.015 | 1.895-4.798 | ***2.480 | 1.511-4.071 |
Possession of all | ***3.904 | 2.438-6.252 | ***2.793 | 1.683-4.636 |
Traveling time to nearest health facility | ||||
More than 60 min | Ref. | Ref. | ||
41 – 60 min | *1.394 | 1.021-1.904 | 1.357 | 0.968-1.903 |
21 – 40 min | *1.373 | 1.023-1.844 | 1.324 | 0.961-1.826 |
20 min or less | ***2.560 | 1.845-3.554 | ***2.482 | 1.735-3.549 |
Usual transportation | ||||
On foot | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Any other means of transportation | ***1.836 | 1.368-2.466 | 1.379 | 0.992-1.918 |
Performance of CHWs | ||||
Poorest | Ref. | |||
Poor | 0.776 | 0.543-1.109 | ||
Middle | 1.158 | 0.884-1.516 | ||
High | 0.796 | 0.610-1.039 | ||
Highest | 1.033 | 0.770-1.387 | ||
Social capital | ||||
Lowest | Ref. | |||
Low | 1.119 | 0.816-1.535 | ||
Middle | 1.005 | 0.754-1.341 | ||
High | 1.117 | 0.825-1.510 | ||
Highest | 0.855 | 0.634-1.153 | ||