From: Preterm subtypes by immigrants’ length of residence in Norway: a population-based study
Non-immigrants | Immigrants | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 868 832 | Pakistan n = 10 096 | Somalia n = 8094 | Vietnam n = 6336 | Iraq n = 5879 | Sri Lanka n = 5235 | Philippines n = 5069 | |
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
Period of birth | |||||||
1990-1998 | 46.1 | 40.4* | 16.8* | 38.8* | 8.7* | 37.7* | 32.3* |
1999-2009 | 53.9 | 59.6 | 83.2 | 61.2 | 91.3 | 62.3 | 67.7 |
Age at migration | |||||||
<20 years | 38.5 | 17.0 | 40.4 | 16.3 | 15.4 | 11.1 | |
≥20 years | 61.5 | 83.0 | 59.6 | 83.7 | 84.6 | 88.9 | |
Period of arrival | |||||||
Before 1993 | 56.3 | 17.1 | 62.5 | 6.9 | 37.6 | 36.4 | |
1993 onwards | 43.7 | 82.9 | 37.5 | 93.1 | 62.4 | 63.6 | |
Maternal age (y) | |||||||
<20 | 2.7 | 2.1* | 3.1* | 1.8* | 3.6* | 1.0* | 0.9* |
20-24 | 17.3 | 27.8 | 20.6 | 20.6 | 22.7 | 15.5 | 13.3 |
25-29 | 35.2 | 35.4 | 33.6 | 35.9 | 32.5 | 37.1 | 31.8 |
30-34 | 30.6 | 23.2 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 26.9 | 32.0 | 33.0 |
35-39 | 12.2 | 9.2 | 12.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 17.2 |
≥40 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 3.7 |
Parity | |||||||
0 | 41.2 | 28.8* | 23.4* | 39.8* | 35.6* | 41.0 | 45.9* |
1 | 36.0 | 26.0 | 21.8 | 33.3 | 29.2 | 37.1 | 35.5 |
≥2 | 22.8 | 45.2 | 54.9 | 26.9 | 35.1 | 21.9 | 18.6 |
Education level | |||||||
<12 years | 56.3 | 58.5 | 60.7 | 67.0 | 42.9 | 64.6 | 37.0 |
≥12 years | 43.6 | 7.3* | 3.8* | 13.8* | 10.9* | 15.1* | 30.2* |
missing | 0.1 | 34.3 | 35.4 | 19.2 | 46.2 | 20.2 | 32.7 |
Size of labor unit | |||||||
<1500 | 37.6 | 1.5* | 18.6* | 11.7* | 17.7* | 23.1* | 33.6* |
1500-2999 | 28.1 | 33.0 | 30.3 | 38.7 | 32.5 | 19.5 | 27.1 |
≥3000 | 34.3 | 65.4 | 51.2 | 49.6 | 49.8 | 57.3 | 39.3 |
Term gestational days, mean (SD)a | 282 (9.0) | 279* (9.0) | 283* (9.3) | 277* (9.3) | 280* (8.7) | 278* (9.7) | 278* (9.0) |
Gest.diabetes | 0.7 | 3.4* | 1.6* | 1.5* | 1.7* | 5.4* | 2.1* |
Pregest. diabetes | 0.5 | 1.6* | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.0* | 1.8* | 0.8* |
Hypertensive disorder | 5.2 | 3.9* | 4.2* | 1.8* | 2.8* | 3.7* | 5.3 |
Abruptio placenta | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
Placenta previa | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.9* |
SGAb | 4.2 | 12.4* | 8.5* | 9.0* | 6.9* | 10.4* | 5.3* |
LGAc | 6.3 | 2.5* | 3.3* | 2.3* | 3.1* | 3.1* | 4.4* |
Major birth defect | 2.4 | 2.8* | 2.7 | 1.6* | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.0 |
Smokingd | |||||||
Yes | 18.9 | 0.6* | 1.6* | 2.0* | 2.1* | 0.3* | 3.4* |
No | 61.6 | 62.1 | 62.9 | 71.0 | 69.6 | 69.2 | 72.5 |
Not disclosed | 19.5 | 37.3 | 35.4 | 27.0 | 28.3 | 30.5 | 24.1 |