Fathers’ engagement in pregnancy and childbirth: evidence from a national survey

Table 6 Paternal involvement after birth using postnatal paternal engagement score (95% confidence interval) and maternal problems by parity

	Primiparous women		Multiparous women
	Mean (95% CI)	Adjusted* p	Mean (95% CI)	Adjusted* p
How woman felt at time of survey
very/quite well	16.0 (15.9, 16.1)		14.7 (14.5, 14.8)
not very well/ill	15.3 (14.8, 15.8)	0.00	13.6 (13.1, 14.1)	0.00
Number of postnatal problems at 10 days
0,1	15.9 (15.7, 16.2)		14.6 (14.3, 14.8)
2,3	16.1 (15.9, 16.3)		14.8 (14.5, 15.0)
4+	15.9 (15.7, 16.1)	0.50	14.2 (13.8, 14.6)	0.04
Number of postnatal problems at 1 month
0	16.1 (15.8, 16.3)		14.8 (14.6, 15.1)
1	16.0 (15.8, 16.3)		14.6 (14.3, 15.0)
2+	15.9 (15.7, 16.0)	0.05	14.2 (13.9, 14.4)	0.00
Number of postnatal problems at 3 months
0	15.9 (15.8, 16.1)		14.7 (14.5, 14.9)
1+	16.0 (15.8, 16.2)	0.99	14.3 (14.0, 14.5)	0.01
Postnatal psychological problems at 1 month
yes	15.9 (15.7, 16.2)		14.1 (13.7, 14.4)
no	16.0 (15.8, 16.1)	0.68	14.7 (14.5, 14.8)	0.00
Postnatal PTSD type symptoms at 1 month
yes	15.9 (15.7, 16.1)		14.1 (13.7, 14.4)
no	16.0 (15.8, 16.1)	0.21	14.7 (14.5, 14.8)	0.01
Postnatal bodily problems at 1 month
yes	15.9 (15.7, 16.1)		14.3 (14.1, 14.6)
no	16.0 (15.9, 16.2)	0.14	14.7 (14.5, 14.8)	0.02
Postnatal check
Check carried out	16.0 (15.9, 16.1)		14.6 (14.4, 14.7)
Check not carried out	15.5 (15.2, 15.9)	0.03	14.4 (14.0, 14.8)	0.39

PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
*Adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, IMD, age left full-time education, and father’s country of birth.
Other variables entered in analysis but not significant in either primiparous or multiparous women: visited at home by midwife, number of different midwives who visited, would have liked to see midwife more/less frequently at home, met midwife before, confidence in staff postnatally, choice about where to access care, groups of postnatal problems at 10 days and 3 months.

ISSN: 1471-2393