Indicator | Definition | Indigenous | Non-Indigenous | Difference | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | n | % | N | n | % | % | 95% | CI | ||
Gestation at birtha | < 32Â weeks | 1,499 | 51 | 3.4 | 42,810 | 892 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.2* |
< 37Â weeks | 1,499 | 191 | 12.7 | 42,810 | 3,787 | 8.9 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 5.6* | |
Onset of laboura | Spontaneous | 1,499 | 1,027 | 68.5 | 42,805 | 27,154 | 63.5 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 7.5* |
Induced | 298 | 19.9 | 9,931 | 23.2 | −3.3 | −5.4 | −1.3* | |||
No labour - CS | 174 | 11.6 | 5,720 | 13.4 | −1.8 | −3.4 | −0.1* | |||
Analgesiaa | Inhalational | 1,380 | 649 | 47.0 | 39,365 | 18,263 | 46.4 | 0.6 | −2.0 | 3.3 |
Opioid | 1,380 | 368 | 26.7 | 39,365 | 9,031 | 22.9 | 3.7 | 1.4 | 6.1* | |
Epidural | 1,380 | 287 | 20.8 | 39,365 | 10,754 | 27.3 | −6.5 | −8.7 | −4.3* | |
Five min Apgar scoreb | < 7 | 1,520 | 36 | 2.4 | 43,612 | 917 | 2.1 | 0.3 | −0.5 | 1.0 |
Method of birthb | Non-instrumental vaginal | 1,516 | 1,039 | 68.5 | 43,460 | 27,079 | 62.3 | 6.2 | 3.8 | 8.6* |
Forceps | 16 | 1.1 | 989 | 2.3 | −1.2 | −1.8 | −0.7* | |||
Vacuum | 69 | 4.6 | 3,102 | 7.1 | −2.6 | −3.7 | −1.5* | |||
Caesarean section | 392 | 25.9 | 12,290 | 28.3 | −2.4 | −4.7 | −0.2* | |||
VBACa | Vaginal birth, parity 1, previous CS; singleton cephalic term | 52 | 8 | 15.4 | 2,150 | 457 | 21.3 | −5.9 | −15.8 | 4.1 |
Perineal traumac | Intact or 1st degree tear | 1,320 | 1,146 | 86.8 | 37,005 | 28,072 | 75.9 | 11.0 | 9.1 | 12.8* |
2nd degree tear | 153 | 11.6 | 6,072 | 16.4 | −7.2 | −8.8 | −5.6* | |||
3rd or 4th degree tear | 52 | 3.9 | 2,861 | 7.7 | −3.8 | −4.9 | −2.7* | |||
Episiotomy | 1,319 | 73 | 5.5 | 36,995 | 3,705 | 10.0 | −4.5 | −5.8 | −3.2* | |
SGAb | < 10th centile | 1,476 | 207 | 14.0 | 41,934 | 4,115 | 9.8 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 6.0* |
Low birth weightb | < 2500Â g | 1,523 | 201 | 13.2 | 43,691 | 3,586 | 8.2 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 6.7* |
Perinatal outcomeb | Stillbirth | 1,523 | 12 | 0.8 | 43,693 | 298 | 0.7 | 0.1 | −0.3 | 0.6 |
Neonatal death | 13 | 0.9 | 224 | 0.5 | 0.3 | −0.1 | 0.8 | |||
(Perinatal deaths) | 25 | 1.6 | 522 | 1.2 | 0.4 | −0.2 | 0.1 | |||
Survived | 1,498 | 98.4 | 43,171 | 98.8 | Â | Â | Â | |||
Admission to NCCUb | Â | 1,523 | 280 | 18.4 | 43,693 | 6,004 | 13.7 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 6.6* |
Length of stay | Maternal < 3 daysa | 1,492 | 985 | 66.0 | 42,655 | 24,892 | 58.4 | 7.7 | 5.2 | 10.1* |
Neonate in NCCU > 7 daysb | 1,523 | 41 | 2.7 | 43,693 | 683 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.0* | |
Feeding at dischargeb | Breast milk | 1,385 | 959 | 69.2 | 40,881 | 31,192 | 76.3 | −7.1 | −9.5 | −4.6* |
Breast & formula | 92 | 6.6 | 3,688 | 9.0 | −2.4 | −3.7 | −1.0* | |||
Formula | 315 | 22.7 | 5,730 | 14.0 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 11.0* | |||
Gavage | 19 | 1.4 | 218 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 1.5 | |||
Other | 0 | 0.0 | 53 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −0.2 | −0.001* |