Skip to main content

Table 5 Unadjusted and adjusted values of general health questionnaire sum Likert score and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale sum score as dependent variables for the men in the fetal anomaly group

From: Paternal psychological response after ultrasonographic detection of structural fetal anomalies with a comparison to maternal response: a cohort study

Independent variable

Dependent variable

  

GHQ sum Likert score (N = 155)

EPDS sum score (N = 155)

  

Unadjusted

Adjusted*

Unadjusted

Adjusted**

  

Mean (CI)

P-value

Mean (CI)

P-value

Mean (CI)

P-value

Mean (CI)

P-value

Fetal diagnostic and prognostic classification; category 1–5 (see text, footnotes, Table 1)

1

22.9 (19.8-25.9)

0.015

24.8 (21.4-28.2)

0.426

9.0 (7.5-10.5)

0.001

9.6 (7.7-11.5)

0.001***

2

21.7 (18.6-24.8)

 

20.9 (17.6-24.3)

 

8.4 (6.9-10.0)

 

6.6 (4.6-8.7)

 

3

21.6 (17.2-25.9)

 

21.1 (16.7-25.6)

 

8.6 (6.4-10.8)

 

6.5 (3.8-9.2)

 

4

19.2 (15.1-23.4)

 

21.0 (16.5-25.5)

 

4.1 (2.0-6.2)

 

3.0 (0.7-5.4)

 

5

20.6 (17.2-24.0)

 

21.7 (18.2-25.2)

 

5.9 (4.2-7.6)

 

5.8 (3.8-7.8)

 

Paternal age (years)

19-30

21.9 (19.3-24.5)

0.230

23.6 (19.9-27.2)

0.302

7.8 (6.4-9.2)

0.561

6.9 (5.3-8.5)

0.599

31–35

22.8 (20.1-25.4)

 

22.3 (19.5-25.1)

 

7.7 (6.2-9.1)

 

6.3 (4.8-7.9)

 

36-67

19.5 (16.7-22.3)

 

19.9 (16.7-23.1)

 

6.8 (5.2-8.3)

 

5.7 (3.9-7.6)

 

Previous children

Yes

21.5 (19.3-23.6)

0.964

22.1 (19.6-24.5)

0.872

7.4 (6.2-8.6)

0.887

6.5 (5.1-7.8)

0.739

No

21.5 (19.3-23.8)

 

21.8 (19.2-24.3)

 

7.5 (6.3-8.7)

 

6.2 (4.7-7.6)

 

Education

≤Junior college

22.0 (19.8-24.1)

0.516

22.7 (20.3-25.1)

0.353

7.7 (6.6-8.9)

0.487

6.1 (4.7-7.4)

0.568

>Junior college

20.9 (18.6-23.2)

 

21.1 (18.6-23.7)

 

7.1 (5.9-8.4)

 

6.6 (5.2-8.0)

 

Gestational age at inclusion (weeks)

<18

19.8 (16.5-23.1)

0.556

20.5 (16.9-24.2)

0.502

5.9 (4.1-7.6)

0.136

4.8 (2.6-6.9)

0.123

18–22

21.8 (19.7-24.0)

 

22.9 (20.4-25.5)

 

8.0 (6.8-9.1)

 

6.6 (5.3-7.9)

 

>22

21.9 (18.8-24.9)

 

22.2 (19.1-25.4)

 

7.8 (6.1-9.4)

 

7.6 (5.9-9.3)

 

Time interval from suspicion of fetal anomaly to assessment (days)

0-2

20.6 (18.4-22.8)

0.143

20.3 (17.9-22.7)

0.157

7.4 (6.2-8.6)

0.784

6.4 (5.0-7.7)

0.880

3–6

20.8 (18.2-23.5)

 

20.6 (17.7-23.5)

 

7.2 (5.8-8.6)

 

6.0 (4.4-7.6)

 
 

≥7

24.7 (21.1-28.3)

 

24.8 (20.8-28.9)

 

8.0 (6.1-10.0)

 

(4.5-8.6)

 
  1. Abbreviations:
  2. CI Confidence interval 95%, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, GHQ General Health Questionnaire.
  3. The analyses are performed using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) in the group of men in the study group (with fetal anomaly).
  4. * Interaction: Paternal age* Time interval from suspicion of fetal anomaly to inclusion, P = 0.016.
  5. ** Interaction: Fetal diagnostic and prognostic classifications* Gestational age at inclusion, P = 0.017; Paternal age* Previous children, P = 0.023.
  6. *** Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (Tukey HSD) test: test: significant difference between category 4 and 1, P = 0.001; 4 and 2, P = 0.007; 4 and 3, P = 0.021.
Back to article page

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us