From: Disparities in the use of antenatal care service in Ethiopia over a period of fifteen years
Characteristics | 2000 | 2005 | 2011 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Number | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | Number | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | |
Residence | 7928 | 7277 | 7880 | ||||||
Urban | 890 | 67.2 | 7.3(6.3,8.5)c | 630 | 69.7 | 7.2(6.0,8.6)c | 1167 | 76.5 | 5.6(4.8,6.5)c |
Rural | 7038 | 21.9 | 1 | 6647 | 24.3 | 1 | 6713 | 36.8 | 1 |
Region | 7928 | 7276 | 7883 | ||||||
Tigray | 536 | 36.9 | 2.2(1.8,2.7)c | 479 | 37.4 | 1.5(1.2,1.9)c | 529 | 64.5 | 2.7(2.2,3.3) c |
Amhara | 2219 | 18.8 | 1 | 1851 | 26.7 | 1 | 1972 | 40.3 | 1 |
Oromiya | 3044 | 27.7 | 1.6(1.3,2.0) c | 2713 | 25.2 | 0.9(0.8,1.1) | 3116 | 39.5 | 1.0(0.9,1.1) |
SNNPR | 1674 | 28.3 | 1.8(1.5,2.2) c | 1624 | 31.2 | 1.3(1.1,1.6)b | 1631 | 40.5 | 1.0(0.9,1.2) |
Afar, Harari, Somali | 183 | 23.5 | 1.7(1.4,2.0) c | 369 | 10.3 | 0.7(0.5,0.8)c | 295 | 30.2 | 0.6(0.5,0.8)b |
Ben-Gumuz, Gambela | 103 | 31.1 | 2.2(1.8,2.7) c | 90 | 27.8 | 1.3(1.1,1.6)b | 123 | 44.7 | 1.2(0.8,1.7) |
Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa | 169 | 78.7 | 10.1(8.1,12.5) c | 150 | 82.7 | 7.3(5.8,9.1)c | 217 | 90.3 | 13.7(8.7,21.7)c |
Economic status | 7502 | 7276 | 7881 | ||||||
Poorest | 1577 | 17.7 | 1 | 1518 | 13.5 | 1 | 1737 | 25.1 | 1 |
Poorer | 1932 | 19.8 | 1.2(1.0,1.4) | 1547 | 19.3 | 1.5(1.3,1.9)c | 1694 | 35.0 | 1.6(1.4,1.9)c |
Middle | 1107 | 16.4 | 0.9(0.7,1.1) | 1581 | 25.7 | 2.2(1.8,2.7)c | 1626 | 37.9 | 1.8(1.6,2.1) c |
Richer | 1450 | 26.8 | 1.7(1.4,2.0)c | 1441 | 30.7 | 2.8(2.4,3.4)c | 1494 | 47.1 | 2.7(2.3,3.1) c |
Richest | 1436 | 55.8 | 5.9(5.0,7.0)c | 1189 | 58.8 | 9.1(7.6,11.0)c | 1330 | 76.4 | 9.7(8.2,11.4) c |
Education | 7927 | 7277 | 7881 | ||||||
No education | 6517 | 21.3 | 1 | 5712 | 22.4 | 1 | 5249 | 33.9 | 1 |
Primary | 994 | 45.5 | 3.1(2.7,3.5)c | 1200 | 39.8 | 2.3(2.0,2.6)c | 2266 | 55.3 | 2.4(2.2,2.7) c |
Secondary and higher | 416 | 71.6 | 9.3(7.5,11.7)c | 365 | 81.4 | 15.2(11.6,19.9)c | 366 | 91.3 | 20.0(13.9,28.9) c |
Age | 7928 | 7275 | 7882 | ||||||
15-24 | 2192 | 27.1 | 1.2(1.1,1.4)b | 1902 | 30.8 | 1.5(1.3,1.7)c | 2009 | 47.1 | 1.4(1.2,1.6) c |
25-34 | 3493 | 29.3 | 1.4(1.2,1.5)c | 3378 | 29.6 | 1.4(1.2,1.6)c | 3852 | 42.5 | 1.2(1.04,1.3)b |
35+ | 2243 | 23.3 | 1 | 1995 | 23.4 | 1 | 2021 | 38.7 | 1 |
Religion | 7578 | 7018 | 7628 | ||||||
Protestant | 1227 | 25.3 | 1 | 1402 | 29.4 | 1 | 1761 | 40.4 | 1 |
Orthodox | 4035 | 27.7 | 1.1(1.0,1.3) | 3247 | 31.9 | 1.1(0.9,1.3) | 3305 | 47.8 | 1.3(1.2,1.5)c |
Moslem | 2316 | 28.5 | 1.2(1.0,1.4)a | 2369 | 22.8 | 0.7(0.6,0.8)c | 2562 | 38.4 | 0.9(0.8,1.0) |
Marital status | 7928 | 7277 | 7880 | ||||||
Married | 7151 | 26.8 | 0.9(0.8,1.0) | 6743 | 27.9 | 0.8(0.7,1.0)a | 6738 | 42.4 | 0.9(0.8,1.1) |
others | 777 | 29.1 | 1 | 534 | 32.0 | 1 | 1142 | 44.3 | 1 |
Birth order | 7929 | 7276 | 7881 | ||||||
1 | 1354 | 32.1 | 1.6(1.4,1.9)c | 1180 | 34.9 | 1.8(1.5,2.1)c | 1393 | 54.1 | 2.0(1.8,2.3) c |
2-4 | 3240 | 29.4 | 1.4(1.3,1.6)c | 3016 | 30.6 | 1.5(1.3,1.6)c | 3451 | 43.3 | 1.3(1.2,1.5) c |
5+ | 3335 | 22.5 | 1 | 3080 | 23.2 | 1 | 3037 | 36.8 | 1 |
Autonomy | 7867 | 7234 | 7800 | ||||||
No | 2751 | 26.3 | 1 | 5015 | 26.2 | 1 | 3495 | 39.5 | 1 |
Low | 3088 | 24.0 | 0.9(0.8,1.0)a | 1512 | 25.3 | 1.0(0.8,1.1) | 2005 | 39.8 | 1.0(0.9,1.1) |
High | 2028 | 32.1 | 1.3(1.2,1.5)c | 707 | 49.1 | 2.7(2.3,3.2)c | 2300 | 50.2 | 1.5(1.4,1.7)c |
Wife beating | 7913 | 7269 | 7839 | ||||||
Yes | 6815 | 25.6 | 1 | 6156 | 26.4 | 1 | 6014 | 37.9 | 1 |
No | 1098 | 36.2 | 1.6(1.4,1.9)c | 1113 | 38.4 | 1.7(1.5,2.0)c | 1825 | 58.3 | 2.3(2.1,2.6) c |