From: Facilitators and barriers in the humanization of childbirth practice in Japan
Characteristics Presence of characteristic: + Absence of characteristic:- | 1st level hospital | 2nd level hospitals | 3th level hospitals | 4th level hospitals | Birthing home |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Rule and Regulation | |||||
- Prevention from having a companion in postpartum | - | - | + | + | - |
- Prevention from having a companion in operation room | - | + | + | + | NA |
- Banning of children from the mother's rooms | + | + | + | +/- | - |
- The restriction in the number of companions allowed during labor or delivery | + | + | + | + | - |
- Conditional acceptance of the father as a companion | + | + | + | + | + |
2. Physical Structure | |||||
- Common Labour and delivery room | + | - | - | +/- | - |
- Common postpartum room | + | + | + | + | - |
3. Contingence Factor | |||||
+ | + | + | + | NA | |
- University-affiliated hospitals | |||||
- The lack of midwifery authority | + | + | + | + | + |
+ | + | + | + | + | |
- Mal practice litigation | |||||
+ | + | + | + | NA | |
- Physicians' training and medical skill | + | + | + | + | - |
- Overcharge of work for care providers | + | + | + | + | - |
- The workplace demand on Japanese men | General condition | General condition | General condition | General condition | General condition |
4. Individual Factors | |||||
- Lack of decision-making by women in hospitals | + | + | + | + | - |
Facilitators in Humanized birth | |||||
1. Rules and Regulation | |||||
- Preventing unnecessary medical intervention | |||||
- Natural methods for relieving pain | + | + | + | + | + |
- Getting the women's consent | + | + | + | + | + |
- Long stay in birth setting | + | + | + | + | + |
+ | + | + | + | + | |
2. Physical Structure | |||||
- LDR room and other facilities | - | + | + | +/- | + |
3. Contingence Factor | |||||
- Midwifery system | + | + | + | + | + |
- Private and public health care system | + | + | + | + | + |
4. Individual Factors | |||||
- Women's culture, values and beliefs in natural birth | + | + | + | + | + |