Senior Editor
Tovah Honor Aronin, PhD, Springer Nature, USA
Editorial Quality Editor
Anastasia Broadbridge, BA, Springer Nature, UK
Manuscript Editors
Harshal Dhondge, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Nikhil Ghate, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Akshay Ravindra Joshi, PhD, MPhil, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Rajasree K P, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Raunaq Singh Nagi, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Noohi Nasim, PhD, Springer Nature, India
Vaishnavi Nimbalkar, MSc, Springer Nature, India
Pranitha Pandit, PhD, MPhil, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Priya Sharma, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Varsha Shetty, PhD, Springer Nature, India
Neha Tiwari, PhD, M.Tech, B.Tech, Springer Nature, India
Pratibha Verma, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Senior Editorial Board Members
Ishag Adam, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Paolo Ivo Cavoretto,MD, PhD, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
Christian Göbl, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Eran Hadar, Rabin Medical Center, Israel
Vishnu Khanal, PhD, Menzies School of Health Research, Australia and Nepal Development Society, Nepal
Ashraf Nabhan, MD, Ain Shams University, Egypt
Hora Soltani, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Jos van Roosmalen, PhD, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
Editorial Board Members
Raymond Aborigo, PhD, Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana
Sumaiya Adam, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Akilew Adane, Murdoch University, Australia
Emmanuel Adewuyi, Edith Cowan University, Australia
Agani Afaya, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Kingsley Agho, PhD, MPH, University of Western Sydney, Australia
Ki Hoon Ahn, Korea University Anam Hospital, South Korea
Naser Al-Husban, MD, The University of Jordan, Jordan
Mahmoud Alalfy, MD, National Research Centre, Egypt
Souhail Alouini, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orleans, France
Emmanuel Amabebe, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
Charles Ameh, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK
Carmen Amezcua-Prieto, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Spain
Uri Amikam, MD, MHA, Mcgill University, Canada
Mary Amoakoh-Coleman, University of Ghana, Ghana
Carla Andreucci, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
Rozi Aryananda, MD, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
Anteneh Asefa, PhD, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium
Nina Ayala, MD, ScM, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
Elie Azria, Paris University - Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, France
Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas, PhD, M.B.B.S, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
Agegnehu Bante, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
Jacob Bar, Edith Wolfson Medical Centre, Israel
Eran Barzilay, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Israel
Theresa Bastain, University of Southern California, USA
Wubet Alebachew Bayih, Monash University, Australia
Burak Bayraktar, Assoc. Prof., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Turkey
Artur Beke, Semmelweis University, Hungary
Mireille Bekker, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
Pamela Berens, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas at Houston, USA
Alexandra Berezowsky, North York General Hospital and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
Yifru Berhan, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia
Shilei Bi, Ph.D., The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
Lorena Binfa, University of Chile, Chile
Mariachiara Bosco, MD, Verona University, Italy
Hilary Brown, University of Toronto, Canada
Elena Brunelli, MD, University of Bologna, Italy
Danilo Buca, Center for Fetal Care and High Risk Pregnancy, University of Chieti, Italy
Marcelo Cavalcante, MD, PhD, FCRI, ASRI, University of Fortaleza, Brazil
Tess Cersonsky, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
Piya Chaemsaithong, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
Christos Chatzakis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Leonardo Chavane, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique
Min Chen, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
Xiaoyan Chen, PhD, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, China
Dhuly Chowdhury, MS, MBA, RTI International, USA
Etienne Ciantar, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
Federico CIRILLO, Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Center, IRCCS - Humanitas Research Hospital Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milan), Italy
Ricardo Cobucci, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Patricia S. Coffey, Ph.D., MPH, PATH,USA
Raquel Costa, PhD, Universidade Lusófona, Portugal
Berihun Dachew, Curtin University, Australia
Andrea Dall'Asta, University of Parma, Italy / Imperial College London, UK
Edward Dassah, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
Ank De Jonge, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Netherlands, Midwifery Academy Amsterdam Groningen, Netherlands, Amsterdam Public health, Quality of Care, Netherlands, and University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
Chelsea DeBolt, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
Erhan Demirdag, Gazi University School of Medicine, Turkey
Aly Diana, PhD., Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Deepa Dongarwar, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
Pratibha Dwarkanath, PhD, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
Kristina Edvardsson, PhD, La Trobe University, Australia
Erika Edwards, University of Vermont, USA
Thomas Egbe, MD, University of Buea, Cameroon
Samantha Ehrlich, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
Tariku Ersado, Wachemo University Durame campus, Ethiopia
Fabio Facchinetti, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother Child and Adult, Italy
Erdem Fadiloglu, Assoc Prof, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
Alessandra Familiari, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Italy
Dazhi Fan, MPH, Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
Ilaria Fantasia, San Salvatore Hospital, Italy
Alex Farr, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Gerson Foratori-Junior, PhD, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Kazumichi Fujioka, MD, PhD, Kobe University, Japan
Simona Fumagalli, Ph.D., University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
Romy Gaillard, Erasmus University Medical Center, Netherlands
Pablo Garcia Manau, MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Spain
Jewel Gausman, ScD, Guttmacher Institute, USA and University of Jordan, Jordan
Hakan Gölbaşı , Izmir City Hospital, Türkiye
Ismail Guler, Gazi University, Turkey
Amanuel Gebremedhin, Edith Cowan University, Australia
Tamirat Getachew, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
Solmaz Ghanbari-Homayi, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Elvira Grandone, University of Foggia, Italy
Aklilu Habte, MPH, Wachemo University, Ethiopia
Hisham Haggag, Cairo University, Egypt
Mukhri Hamdan, Ph.D., Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Amr Hamza, PhD, University of Saarland, Germany
Christian Haslinger, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
Melanie Hayman, CQUniversity, Australia
Jianrong He, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China
Alexander Heazell, University of Manchester, UK
Kamran Hessami, Harvard Medical School, USA
Erandi Hewawasam, PhD, ANZDATA, SAHMRI, Australia
Liran Hiersch, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Larry Hinkson, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
Shela Hirani, PhD, MScN, BScN, RN, IBCLC, University of Regina, Canada
Alyssa Hochberg, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Sara Holton, Deakin University, Australia
Angelo Hooker, PhD, Zaans Medical Center, Netherlands
Shigeko Horiuchi, St Luke's International University, Japan
Bo Huang, Dr. med., Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
Jialyu Huang, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
Evelyn Huhn, Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal medicine, University Hospital Hamburg, Germany
Peiyin Hung, PhD, MSPH, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, USA
Erin Huntley, DO, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, USA
Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Chiara Ionio, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
Shayesteh Jahanfar, Tufts University School of Medicine USA,
Elaine Jefford, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
Nivedita Jha, MBBS, MS, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, India
Hong Jiang, PhD, Fudan University, China
Sadhana Joshi, Interactive Research School For Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, India
Eunjung Jung, MD, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, South Korea
Naphtali Justman, Rambam Medical Center, Israel
Einav Kadour Peero, MD, Technion Institute of Technology, Bnai Zion Medical Center Haifa, Israel
Ixora Kamisan Atan, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia
Leila Katz, PhD, Institute of Integral Medicine Prof Fernando Figueira IMIP, Brazil
Anish Keepanasseril, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, India
Hussein Kidanto, Ph.D., Aga Khan University Medical College, Tanzania
Eyal Krispin, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
Olav Lapaire, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
Osaheni Lawani, MD,University of Toronto, Canada
Nigel Lee, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland , Australia
Debora Leite, PhD, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
Kwok-yin Leung, MD, Gleneagles Hospital Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
Cheng Li, PhD, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, China
Hong-tian Li, PhD, Peking University Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, China
Xin Li, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
Pei Shan Lim, MD (UKM), MOG (UKM), FRCOG (UK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Yuan Lin, Nanjing Medical University, China
Helena Lindgren, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Huishu Liu, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, China
Tianjiao Liu, Kyoto University, Japan
Jufen Liu, Peking University, China
Xitong Liu, Assisted reproduction center, China
Ambrogio P Londero, University of Genoa, Italy, and IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Italy
Yusuf Madendag, Assoc.Prof, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Turkey
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy, The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia
Renuka Malik, MD, ABVIMS & Dr RML Hospital, India
Greg Marchand, MD, FICS, FACS, FACOG, The Marchand Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, USA
Juan Miguel Martinez Galiano, PhD, University of Jaen, Spain
Daniele Di Mascio, MD, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Salvatore Andrea Matrolia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Madonna delle Grazie, Matera, Italy
Jiji Mathews, Christian Medical College Vellore, India
Mitsuaki Matsui, Kobe University, Japan
Shinya Matsuzaki, Osaka University, Japan and Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
Shahla Meedya, University of Wollongong, Australia
Tarek Meguid, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Jenny Mei, MD, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Elad Mei-Dan, North York General Hospital and University of Toronto, Canada
Philippa Middleton, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
Sonia Minooee, PhD, James Cook University, Australia
Attila Molvarec, Semmelweis University, Hungary
Gill Moncrieff, MRes, University of Stirling, UK
Maddalena Morlando, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
Sakita Moungmaithong, MD, PhD, Mahidol university, Thailand
Achenef Muche, University of Gondar and EPHI, Ethiopia
David Mukunya, Busitema University, Uganda
Hiba Mustafa, Assistant Professor, Indiana University, Riley Children’s Hospital , USA
Mona Nabulsi, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Amir Naeh, MD, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Israel
Ahmed Nassr, Baylor College of Medicine amd Texas Children’s Hospital, USA
Ilona Nenko, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
Sutapa Bandyopdhyay Neogi, International Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR) Delhi, India
Theoneste Nkurunziza, Technical University of Munich, Germany
Roseli Nomura, PhD, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo and Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Mohd Noor, PhD, Norhayati Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Rhona O'Connell, University College Cork, Ireland
Cemil Oğlak, Assoc Prof Dr., Health Sciences University, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
Bobby O'Leary, BSc MD MRCPI MRCOG, National Maternity Hospital, Ireland
Friday Okonofua, Dr. phil., Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, University of Benin, Nigeria
Laurentya Olga, MD, PhD, University of Cambridge, UK
Rossana Orabona, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy
Kuniaki Ota, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
A.Seval Ozgu-Erdinc, MD, University of Health Sciences Bilkent City Hospital, Turkey
Danielle Panelli, MD, MS, Stanford University, USA
Jee Yoon Park, PhD, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
Leeann Pavlek, MD, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA
Tiago Miguel Pinto, PhD, Lusófona University, Portugal
Jelmer Prins, MD, PhD, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
Shuby Puthussery, University of Bedfordshire, Maternal and Child Health Research Centre, UK
Xiu Qiu, PhD, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
Paola Quaresima, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
Viraraghavan Vadakkencherry Ramaswamy, MD, DM, DNB, Ankura Hospital for Women and Children, India
Thais Rangel Bousquet Carrilho, University of British Columbia, Canada
Maggie Redshaw, Brazelton Centre UK, UK
Florian Recker, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
Jianzhi Ren, Xiamen University Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, China
Elisha Riggs, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
Andrea Roberto Carosso, MD, Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Italy
Fredrick J. Rosario, PhD, DM, Dsc, University of Colorado, USA
Kharah Ross, PhD, Athabasca University, Canada
Amihai Rottenstreich, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, USA, and Rockefeller University, USA
Stephen Rulisa, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
Gabriele Saccone, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
Emma Sacks, John Hopkins School of Public Health, USA
Jumpei Saito, PhD, National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo, Japan
Srividhya Sankaran, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Rita Santos-Rocha, PhD, Santarém Polytechnic University, Portugal
Laura Sarno, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
Dietmar Schlembach, Vivantes Network for Health Berlin, Germany
David Schwartz, Perinatal Pathology Consulting, USA
Hen Sela, Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem Affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Israel
Katherine Semrau, Ariadne Labs, USA
Endalew Gemechu Sendo, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Ethiopia
Loïc Sentilhes, Bordeaux Univeristy Hospital, France
Mehmet Baki Senturk, Namik Kemal University, Turkey
Steven W. Shaw, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan R.O.C.
Songying Shen, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
Andrew Shennan, King's College London, UK
Makino Shintaro, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan
Filomena Giulia Sileo, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
Angelo Sirico, AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, Italy
Renato Souza, University of Campinas, Brazil
Jelle Stekelenburg, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Netherlands
Manaphat Suksai, MD, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Linda Tahaineh, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
Maira Takemoto, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
Hannah Tappis, DrPH, Jhpiego - an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, USA
Chiara Tersigni, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
Gill Thomson, University of Central Lancashire, UK
Temesgen Tilahun, Wollega University, Ethiopia
Rachel Tinius, PhD, Western Kentucky Univeristy, USA
Stefania Triunfo, S. Paolo University Hospital and University of Milan, Italy
Ezgi Turgut, Associate Professor, The University of Health Sciences, Turkey
Akaninyene Eseme Ubom, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Nigeria
Akihiko Ueda, Kyoto University, Japan
Satoshi Ueno, PhD, Kato Ladies Clinic, Japan
Thomas van den Akker, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
Paige van der Pligt, Deakin University, Australia
Natalija Vedmedovska, PhD, Riga Stradiņš University, Latvia
Corine Verhoeven, Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands
Gustavo Vilchez, University of Missouri-Kansas City, USA
Angela Vinturache, Grande Prairie Regional Hospital, Canada
Sreekanth Viswanathan, Nemours Children's Hospital, Olrando, FL, USA
Carmela Votino, MD PhD, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro , Italy
Bellington Vwalika, University of Zambia, Zambia
Jordyn Wallenborn, PhD, MPH, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Switzerland
Chengrong Wang, Ph.D., University of Florida, USA
Dongqing Wang, PhD, MPH, George Mason University, USA
Xiao Wanqing, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China
Tuangsit Wataganara, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
Xiaozhong Wen, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
Aleksandra Wesołowska, Warsaw Medical University, Poland
Jiang-Nan Wu, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, China
Heng Yaw Yong, PhD, International Medical University, Malaysia
Jeanine Young, PhD, BSc(Hons)Nursing, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
Agnieszka Zawiejska, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
Depeng Zhao, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
Eran Zilberberg, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
Fabrizio Zullo, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy
Editorial Advisors
Howard Berger, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
Luis Gabriel Cuervo, Pan American Health Organization, USA
Pisake Lumbiganon, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
